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跨界夢修相關書籍摘錄(1)

文章發表於 : 2016-05-08, 14:07
SW
我從 2004 年接觸唐望門徒卡斯塔尼達所著《做夢的藝術》,2005 年南開諾布仁波切《夢瑜伽與自性光明修持法》,受益頗多。很可惜,近年重新翻譯兩書(後者以《夢瑜伽與自然光之修習》 2010 年出版),發現這兩本翻譯都不甚精確,是故有必要做些釐清,故成立臉書公開社團「做夢的藝術」。(本社團盡量以中英文對照的方式,以免受不正確的翻譯誤導,歡迎加入:https://www.facebook.com/groups/1021010494631160/

根據托爾特克巫士傳承(不以巫師為導向而是尋求完全解脫的一支傳承),做夢的藝術也是增進覺知的一種有效修法。他們設定了做夢七關,代表意識由日常進階到做夢意識,再到覺觀意識的訓練方式。

我發現關於做夢第一關,方智的譯本出現重大瑕疵,也妨礙我之前的瞭解。問題出在於 falling asleep 上。be falling asleep 是正在睡覺,become aware of falling asleep 是能夠覺察到自己睡著了。魯宓通通翻譯為「正在進入夢鄉」(感覺像是切入作夢的當兒)。簡言之,夢中知夢,就是發現自己(的身體)已經睡著了。


"The first gate is a threshold we must cross by becoming aware of a particular sensation before deep sleep, a sensation which is like a pleasant heaviness that doesn't let us open our eyes. We reach that gate the instant we become aware that we're falling asleep, suspended in darkness and heaviness."
"How do I become aware that I am falling asleep? Are there any steps to follow?"
"No. There are no steps to follow. One just intends to become aware of falling asleep."

「第一關是一道我們必須跨越的門檻,藉由對熟睡前特別的感覺變得覺察,」他說,「那像是一種舒適的沈重,使我們無法睜開雙眼。一旦我們意識到自己正睡著、懸浮於黑暗與沉重之中,我們即刻抵達了第一關。」
「我要如何才能覺察到我正在睡覺呢?有沒有任何步驟可循?」
「沒有,沒有步驟可循,只要意願能夠覺察自己睡著了。」(p. 37)

第一關:夢中知夢

文章發表於 : 2016-05-08, 14:09
SW
第一關:夢中知夢;作業:夢中看手

前面提到抵達關口,跟通關是兩件事。第一關要通關的話,唐望交代弟子卡氏必須要在夢中看手。好,記住我們第一關是要認出自己在夢中,於是卡氏花了好幾個月的時間試圖夢中看手。

重讀到這段覺得很怪,魯宓譯文寫唐望的指導:「要做夢者在夢中尋找某樣特定的事物不過是個藉口,真正的課題是覺察自己正在進入夢鄉。」我真的看不懂,前句是夢中看手,後者是正在切入作夢?經查核原文應該這樣翻譯:


When I told don Juan about my futile attempts to cross the first gate of dreaming, he gave me some guidelines. "To ask a dreamer to find a determined item in his dreams is a subterfuge, the real issue is to become aware that one is falling asleep. And, strange as it may seem, that doesn't happen by commanding oneself to be aware that one is falling asleep but by sustaining the sight of whatever one is looking at in a dream."

當我告訴唐望我試圖通過做夢的第一關沒希望時,他給了我一些指導方針:「要求做夢者在他夢中尋找一樣既定的東西是個藉口,真正的課題是要能覺察到自己正在睡覺。而這可能看來奇怪,靠命令自己去覺察自己正在睡覺並不會發生,而是靠不管在夢中看什麼都維持住這個視覺。」(p. 42)

剛複習敏林堪千仁波切的「夢瑜伽」課程講義,看到相應於 Ken Atoms 的疑惑「第一關是覺察到自己"已經"睡著了,還是覺察到自己正"漸漸進入"睡著呢」(礙於傳承文本僅同義改寫):

「夜間要入睡時,醒時的粗分現象將消散。進入熟睡前,介於睡著與作夢之間,耳朵聽不清楚,身體感覺遲鈍,似被壓入黑暗,呼吸變得沈重,隨即於眉間感覺麻木,這時有模糊朦朧的視像或夢影像,這些即是夢因,若能當下認持,將能持續至夢中。這時,不要睜開眼睛,將注意力導到現前之夢影,勿讓自己醒來。」

抵達做夢第一關:


"By becoming aware of a particular sensation before deep sleep, a sensation which is like a pleasant heaviness that doesn't let us open our eyes, we reach that gate the instant we become aware that we're falling asleep, suspended in darkness and heaviness."

「藉由對熟睡前特別的感覺變得覺察,那像是一種舒適的沈重,使我們無法睜開雙眼。一旦我們意識到自己正睡著、懸浮於黑暗與沉重之中,我們即刻抵達了第一關。」

卡氏第一次做夢(dreaming)的經驗

文章發表於 : 2016-05-08, 14:10
SW
「做夢」(dreaming)在唐望故事書中是專有名詞,類似南開師《夢瑜伽與自然光的修習》英文大寫的 Dream State。書中提到抵達第一關還有許多方式判斷:

「藉由覺察到我們正在睡覺(夢中知夢),我們便抵達做夢的第一關,或者是夢到一個龐大真實的夢。」(We reach the first gate of dreaming by becoming aware that we are falling asleep, or by having a gigantically real dream.)

另種抵達做夢第一關的方式是夢到一場極為逼真的夢,這裡摘錄卡氏被唐望師父認可為第一次「做夢」的經驗供大家參考:


After a great effort, I indeed found hands in my dreams, but they never were mine. They were hands that only seemed to belong to me, hands that changed shape, becoming quite nightmarish at times.
經過很大的努力,我真的在夢中找到手了,但它們從來不是我的手。這手只是好像屬於我,這變形的手有時還會變得相當可怕。
It went on like this for months, until one day when my capacity to dream changed seemingly by itself. I had done nothing special besides my constant earnest determination to be aware that I was falling asleep and to find my hands.
如此持續了幾個月,直到一天我的做夢能力似乎自己改變了。我沒有做什麼特別的事,除了不斷以誠摯的決心要覺察自己正在睡覺,然後(夢中)找到我的手。

I realistically walked in that town until I was completely exhausted. I saw everything I could have seen had I been a tourist walking through the streets of a city. And there was no difference whatsoever between that dream walk and any walk I had actually taken on the streets of a city I visited for the first time.
(夢中)我如實境般走進那個市鎮,直到我完全筋疲力竭為止。我觀察一切我能夠看的,我就好像遊客走遍城市的大街小巷。而在夢中行走,跟我任何一次於初次造訪的城市確實走在街上,兩者並無不同。

"I think you went a bit too far," don Juan said after listening to my account. "All that was required was your awareness of falling asleep. What you've done is equivalent to bringing a wall down just to squash a mosquito sitting on it."
「我覺得你有點過頭了,」在聽了我的描述後唐望說,「所有這一切需要的只是你覺察到自己睡著了,你所做的等於為壓扁牆上一隻蚊子而把整面牆弄倒。」

Don Juan went back to discussing my dreaming experience and said that, all in all, he had to take my dream as being my first genuine attempt at dreaming, and that this meant I had succeeded in reaching the first gate of dreaming.
唐望回頭討論我的做夢經驗然後說,從各方面來看,他必須把我的夢當成我第一次真正嘗試在做夢,這表示我已經成功抵達做夢的第一關。

床位與睡姿

文章發表於 : 2016-05-08, 14:11
SW
想要夢中知夢,在敏林堪千仁波切的「夢瑜伽」課程第二堂課中,講授夜間強力口訣教授,有關的物理條件:

1. 睡前祈禱師(心為根本上師)讓自己掌握夢境、夢中知夢(=持夢)、夢境清楚。
2. 入睡前心不迷亂,身心放鬆下入睡。
3. 頭朝北(身心會較柔和、放鬆)。
4. 獅子臥(右側睡),可幫助心放鬆(男女相同)。(註1)

頭朝哪睡這部分,譯者第一堂課翻為頭朝「牆壁」,第二堂課才更正為頭朝「北」,並說藏文「牆」跟「北」同音。(我是不知道啦,感覺靠翻譯學習怪可怕的)。高靈賽斯(Seth)關於「意識投射」(projection of consciousness)的建議亦為:
1. 房間藍色系(安定心神)
2. 床頭朝南北 (★北方尤佳)
3. 多吃蛋及蘆筍(做夢需要補充優良蛋白質)(註2)

.............................

註1:根據南開師的教導,男女左右脈相反,所以女生睡姿是左側臥。

註2:「耶喜喇嘛也說,食用諸如優格、蜂蜜、大蒜、肉類等食物是重要的。《註釋集》指出,具有圓滿次第(按:夢瑜伽屬於圓滿次第)證量的行者使用這些食物來形成體內的元素和明點,如此ㄧ來,他們就能夠擁有更強烈的明光覺受,並且增長幻身的順緣。」(《灼火之樂:那洛六瑜伽修行心要》p. 19)

意願與發願

文章發表於 : 2016-05-08, 14:16
SW
今天要談談「意願」(intend, intention)(在唐望故事中也是專有名詞)。若看過〈宗薩欽哲仁波切針對學生問題的最新開示〉,出現最多的就是:「試著發願」、「不斷地發願祈請」、「有勇氣發這樣的願」、「不斷地發願」。先來摘書裡的發願(意願):

"How do I become aware that I am falling asleep? Are there any steps to follow?"
"No. There are no steps to follow. One just intends to become aware of falling asleep."
「我要如何才能覺察到我正在睡覺呢?有沒有任何步驟可循?」
「沒有,沒有步驟可循,只要意願能夠覺察自己睡著了。」

"But how does one intend to become aware of it?"
"sorcerers intend anything they set themselves to intend, simply by intending it. For sorcerers, because the statement I made pertains to intent and intending, understanding it pertains to the realm of energy. Sorcerers believe that if one would intend that statement for the energy body, the energy body would understand it in terms entirely different from those of the mind. The trick is to reach the energy body. For that you need energy."
「但人要如何意願才能夠覺察到它呢?」
「意願(intent)或去意願(intending)是很難談論的事情。巫士意願任何他們自己認真去意願的事時,僅僅靠著去意願它〔就可以〕。對巫士而言,由於我的說法是講意願和去意願,瞭解它則是屬於能量的範疇。巫士相信如果一個人意願那個說法給能量體(energy body),能量體便會以與心智完全不同的方式來瞭解它。這個要訣就是達到(reach)能量體,為此你需要能量。」

"In what terms would the energy body understand that statement, don Juan?"
"In terms of a bodily feeling, which it's hard to describe. You'll have to experience it to know what I mean."
「能量體會以什麼方式瞭解這個說法呢,唐望?」
「以一種身體上的感覺,這很難形容,你必須要去經驗它才知道我的意思。」(《做夢的藝術》pp. 37-38,校譯)

睡前發願祈禱

文章發表於 : 2016-05-08, 14:18
SW
基於江湖慣例,我無法摘要夢瑜伽課程的講義,但我有本一模一樣的書,是由嘉初仁波切(因為 Gyatrul Rinpoche 這名字出現在南開師的《Dream Yoga》中,收購於 2010)寫的《Meditation, Transformation, and Dream Yoga》。其講解的文本為 Root Text by Lochen Dharma Shri,亦即「堪千達瑪師利」的根本文:

Release Oneself from Essential Delusion:
Notes on the Written Instruction in the Vajrasattva Mind Accomplishment of Dreams
〈惑中幻妄自解脫——金剛薩埵意成就之夢修導引〉

At night strongly disciplining yourself in the quintessential instructions
夜間強力調煉口訣教授

In the evening when you are about to sleep, meditate on the guru, and with sincere revenrence pray, "Tonight may I dream many dreams - clear dreams, good dreams - and may I recognize the dreams as dreams," or "May I apprehend my dreams." (p. 79)
夜間即將入睡之時,修上師瑜伽,並以真誠的崇敬心祈禱:「今晚我可以作很多夢——清楚的夢、好的夢,願我可以認出夢是夢。」或:「願我能認持夢。」

做夢與意願

文章發表於 : 2016-05-08, 14:21
SW
凡瑞拉:向法王簡單介紹了睡眠生理學之後,我很想知道西藏傳統中睡眠與夢境的意義。西藏人是否認為不同種類的夢境來自不同層次的意識?可否說明我們為何作夢?

Dreaming=特殊作夢狀態 Dream Stat;energy body=特殊睡夢身

法王:有一種說法是,在作夢與身體的粗重和微細層次之間,是有個關係存在。但是還有一種稱為「特殊作夢狀態」的東西。在這個狀態裏,因為心與氣的作用而在體內產生「特殊睡夢身」。這種特殊睡夢身能夠完全與粗重的肉身分離,到處旅遊。

Intend=渴望的力量

讓這個特殊睡夢身出現的方法之一,首先要能在作夢時知道那是個夢。之後你發現夢境是可以塑造的,於是你想辦法來控制它。當你漸漸熟練後,便能非常輕易地依照自己的想法改變夢境的內容。最後,就可以從粗重的肉身分離出睡夢身。一般的睡夢狀態則相反,是在身體的內部作夢。透過特別的修行,睡夢身可以到處走動。這一種技術完全是由渴望的力量來達成的。
另一種技術也能達到相同的目標,那就是氣瑜伽:運用體內微細的氣,進行禪定的修持。這兩種技術都要求修行人必須能在入睡時知道自己在睡覺。(達賴喇嘛,《心與夢的解析》p. 38)

能量體,特殊睡夢身與意生身的定義

文章發表於 : 2016-05-08, 14:23
SW
這裡回應昨天的討論,有關能量體,特殊睡夢身與意生身的定義。其實人有粗重身(肉體)、微細身(能量體)和極微細心,南開諾布仁波切則將作夢的身體和死後中陰的身體都稱為意生身(mental body),所以意生身是種通稱。

1. 能量體(energy body)

"What exactly is the energy body?"
"It's the counterpart of the physical body. A ghostlike configuration made of pure energy."
"But isn't the physical body also made out of energy?"
"Of course it is. The difference is that the energy body has only appearance but no mass. Since it's pure energy, it can perform acts that are beyond the possibilities of the physical body."
(The Art of Dreaming, p. 31)
「能量體到底是什麼?」
「它是肉體的對等部分,由純能量組成的類似鬼的型態。」
「但肉體不也是由能量組成的嗎?」
「它當然是啊,差別在於能量體只有外形而沒有量體。既然它是純能量,它可以表現的行動超越了肉體的可能性。」

2-1. 睡夢身(dream body)

睡夢中所具有的外顯身體形象。睡夢身的生起會以如幻身(註)的影像出現。(《心與夢的解析》p. 251)
註:如幻身(illusory body):密續高深行者在禪修狀態或進入中陰的時期,能夠成就這種幻身。(p. 243)

2-2. 特殊睡夢身

(認出睡夢狀態後所得到的)特殊睡夢身是微細的形態,和我們在中陰狀態的身形一樣微細。(p. 122)
得到睡夢身後,能有許多不同的用途。這個修持類似於在中陰狀態時認出那是中陰狀態。(p. 49)

3. 微細身(subtle body)(如幻身)
無上瑜伽密續認為我們身體內有著微細神經脈網絡,加上在這些脈中移動的氣和微細的明點,便是我們的微細身。(《心與夢的解析》p. 249)

4. 微細「氣—心」(subtle energy-mind)
微細身最微細的成分,也是我們生生世世毫不間斷帶著轉世投胎的東西,有些人認為它像個小球駐在心輪中。(p. 248)

5. 極微細心(very subtle mind)
在金剛乘系統中,極微細心指的是淨光(自然光)。(p. 249)

6. 意生身(mental body)
一般用來指稱死亡與投胎之間的中陰狀態,此時是以意生身的形式流浪徘徊。(p. 240)

兩種認知夢境情況

文章發表於 : 2016-05-08, 14:25
SW
回應許師兄前則留言:「當知道你自己身在夢中,可能有兩種狀態發生:一種是很有壓力的夢,非生活常態不可能發生的事;一種是特殊環境的夢,你意識到你身處的地方,不是在你能理解的環境。」

〈惑中幻妄自解脫——金剛薩埵意成就之夢修導引〉

Here there are two sorts of experience. Apprehending a gentle dream entails thinking, "This is a dream" and many periods of deep sleep. Apprehending a rough dream involves nightmares such as falling off a cliff or being chased by a dog, and knowing, "This is a dream." If you do not apprehend them that evening, wake up and reflect, "At dusk I had such a dream, but I didn't apprehend it." Look ahead and meditate on phenomena as illusory. Thinking, "Now, by all means I shall apprehend the dream," meditate on the previous object and fall asleep. (Gyatrul Rinpoche, 《Meditation, Transformation and Dream Yoga》, p. 80)

這裡有兩種經驗:
1. 透過認知平和的夢,而想到:「這是一個夢」。
2. 透過認知猛烈的夢,諸如摔落懸崖或被狗追趕,而知道:「這是一個夢」。
如果你當晚未能認出夢來,醒來時就要反省:「夜裡我有這樣的夢但我沒有認出來。」繼續禪修諸法如幻,並思維:「現在無論如何我都要認知夢。」憶念先前的目的而後入睡。

覺察自己在睡夢中

文章發表於 : 2016-05-08, 14:27
SW
回應 Ken Atoms 的問題,「Q:在下目前遇到的困擾是:睡前修上師瑜珈後反而腦袋會變清楚;身體與呼吸都逐漸放鬆,可是睡意卻跑不見了.是因為緊張還是過度用力於覺察自己有沒有入睡?」

其實說的不是覺察(從清醒到入夢的)入睡,我們總是被錯誤的翻譯帶著跑,是覺察自己在睡夢中。


"Is the goal of dreaming to intend the energy body?" I asked, suddenly empowered by some strange reasoning.
"One can certainly put it that way," he said. "Since we're talking about the first gate of dreaming, the goal of dreaming is to intend that your energy body becomes aware that you are falling asleep. Don't try to force yourself to be aware of falling asleep. Let your energy body do it. To intend is to wish without wishing, to do without doing.

「做夢的目標是去意願能量體嗎?」我問,突然被某種奇怪的推論所激發。
「人肯定可以這麼說,」他說,「由於我們所討論的是做夢的第一道關口,做夢的目標是去意願你的能量體,開始覺察到你正在睡覺。不要試圖强迫你自己去覺察你睡著了,讓你的能量體去做。去意願就是不期望的期望——無為而為。」

"Accept the challenge of intending," he went on. "Put your silent determination, without a single thought, into convincing yourself that you have reached your energy body and that you are a dreamer. Doing this will automatically put you in the position to be aware that you are falling asleep."

「接受意願的挑戰,」他繼續說道,「不起一念地,把你無聲的意願全面用於說服你自己:你已經達到你的能量體,以及你是一個做夢者。這麼做會自動把你放入去覺察你正在睡覺的情況。」(《做夢的藝術》pp. 40-41,校譯 )